French school
From second half of the seventeenth century, the wars and the more and more complex administration, lead to the different monarchies to pay special interest to the cartography. Thus in 1666 the Academy of sciences in Paris is created, and it will be in charge to impel the scientific knowledge in France. The dynasty of the Cassini, astronomers and cartographers all of them, carried out the best project of topographic map of a country, throughout the eighteenth century. The measuring instruments were also improved in order to have more and more precise data. The apparatuses with which they counted to measure distances were odometers or vehicles, and they provided data to them with a little error. They also improved the alidade and the theodolite to realize precision triangulations and invented multiple resources to know the form and magnitude of the Earth, determining the latitude and the longitude. In the last decades of the eighteenth century France leads the modern cartography of the time. In the maps of this school they appear blanks or spaces without information in the places where there is deficiency of this one without using over elaborated trims or shaping fantastic stories like it was the custom in the Middle Ages. The scientific spirit predominates here over the priority market of the Flemish school by means of its beautiful trims and attention to aesthetics. In the eighteenth century also in Spain and encouraged by the administrative reforms of the new territorial unit and the necessity to have gathered them in cartographic material a cartographic policy would begin. During decades most of the Valencian cartography was projected by French cartographers and geographers. Outstanding examples are Nolin, Fer and Inselin.
Nicolas De Fer
Título: Les Royaumes de Valence et de Murcie
Autor: Nicolas de Fer
Lugar de edición: París
Editores: G. Danet
Grabador: Charles Inselin
Año: 1709
Dimensiones: 545 x 393 mm.
Obra: Atlas ou Recueil de Cartes Geographiques
Original: F.G.L
He was one of the great map producers of the seventeenth century. In 1669 he published his first map, La Karte du Noveau Kanal de Languedoc, although he did not begin to publish his well-known atlases until the end of the seventeenth century. He obtained to be appointed “Geographe du Grant Dauphin” and since 1711 his title was the Geographer of the Kings of France and Spain. Between his more important works is the Atlas Ou Recueil de Cartes in 1709, which included maps of 10 Spanish regions. His maps emphasize in devise and ornamentation but not in geographic exactitude. The Kingdom of Majorca and Ibiza appears separated by a title block.
Título: Les Royaumes de Grenada et D’Andalousie
Autor: Nicolas de Fer
Lugar de edición: París
Editores: G. Danet
Grabador: Charles Inselin
Año: 1707
Dimensiones: 440x 480 mm.
Obra: Atlas ou Recueil de Cartes Geographiques
Original: F.G.L
Nicolas Sanson D’Abbeville
Título: Les Estats de la Couronne d’Arragon en Espagne…
Autor: Nicolas Sanson d’Abbeville
Lugar de edición: París
Grabador: Somer Joan
Año: 1653
Dimensiones: 530x 410 mm.
Obra: Cartes Genérales de Toutes les parties du Monde
Original: F.G.L
The work of Sanson is valued by its geographic detail and its high quality of engraving. Founder of the great French school of geographers and cartographers was able to surpass the Dutch like main maps printers. After settling down himself in Paris, he was appointed Geographer of the King. He published more than 300 maps, being his more famous atlas Cartes Generales de Toutes les Parties du Monde (1685). Sanson had three children and a grandson, and all of them worked in the publication of maps. These continued with the business after their death, being associated with Alexis Hubert Jaillot.
Jean Baptiste Nolin
Título: Parte Meridional de las Costas d’Españas Con Los Reynos de Granada y Andalucia y poblaciones de los antiguos Reynos de Cordova, de Sevilla, y Jaen…
Autor: Jean Baptiste Nolin
Lugar de edición: París
Editor: Jean Baptiste Nolin
Año: 1720-1746, 1762
Dimensiones: 540 x 835 mm. Dividido en dos partes
Obra: Cartes Générales de Toutes les parties du Monde.
Original: F.G.L
It includes Andalusia, the South part of Extremadura and New Castile and the south coast of the Straits. It belongs to the work of Jean Baptiste Nolin (son) 1686 - 1762, who published an atlas directed to the Spanish public, which explains the written up in Spanish title block , published in 1783 after his death. The document offers analogies with one of the maps by Giacomo Cantelli da Vignola (1643-1695) of the Mercurio Geografico entitled “Li Regni de Granata et D' Andalusia” published by Domenico Rossi in the last decade of the century. Jean Baptiste Nolin (1657-1725), chart engraver and publisher, author of charts with geographic data contributed or inspired by other geographers like Coronelli and Tillemount. Retailer and engraver of maps was appointed engraver of the King of France in 1693 and geographer of the Duke of Orleans. Besides numerous navigation charts, his most famous work was the Royale Atlas of 1693. Between the works that he published are the map of Spain by Coronelli of 1689, his 1693 celestial map and his 1705 atlas of France.
Giacomo Cantelli-Nolin
Título: Les Royaumes de Valence et Murcie. Los reynos de Valencia y de Murcia.
Autor: Giacomo Cantelli
Lugar de edición: París
Editor: Jean Baptiste Nolin
Año: 1698
Dimensiones: 557 x 435 mm.
Obra: Cartes Générales de Toutes les parties du Monde.
Original: F.G.L
This same map of the kingdom of Valencia, made from the original one by Giacomo Cantelli in 1969, would be republished by Tomás Lopez de Vargas in 1762.
Rigobert Bonne
Título: L’Andalousie avec les Royaumes de Grenade et de Murcie.
Autor: Rigobert Bonne
Lugar de edición: París
Grabador: Herisson & Andrè
Año: 1762
Dimensiones: 231 x 342 mm.
Obra: Atlas Moderne
Original: F.G.L
Rigobert Bonne (1727-1795), author with Desmarets of the Encyclopédique Atlas (1797), was hydrographical engineer of the French Navy. His fame is due to the invention of the equivalent conical projection that takes his name. He made up the norms for survey of the French General Staff Carte de France initiated in 1808 by his son, and he designed maps that were divided in time zones that served to form the Delamarche globes.
Título: Isles Canaries
Autor: Rigobert Bonne
Lugar de edición: París
Grabador: Herisson & Andrè
Año: 1762
Dimensiones: 235 x 345 mm.
Obra: Atlas Moderne
Original: F.G.L
Título: Castille nouvelle et Rme. de Valence.
Autor: Rigobert Bonne
Lugar de edición: París
Grabador: Herisson & Andrè
Año: 1762
Dimensiones: 230 x 340 mm.
Obra: Atlas Moderne
Original: F.G.L
Christopher Tassin
Título: Reyno de Valencia.
Autor: Christopher Tassin
Lugar de edición: París
Grabador: Jean Messager
Año: 1633
Dimensiones: 104 x 150 mm.
Obra: Geographie Royalle. Cartes Générales.
Original: F.G.L
In 1633 it appears the small work of Tassin, pocket atlas in which appears a set of maps of Spain, simple, primitive, but peculiar by their singular design. Christopher Tassin, was born in Dijon and passed away in 1660, he posseses the famous title of engineer-geographer, and he is known erroneously by the name of Nicholas Tassin. 1631 he obtains the privilege to publish maps, which he does with works dedicated to his country. One of his works is Cartes Générales des Provinces de France et d’Espagne, in which they appear nine maps of Spain and their inner territories, including Portugal. The work came out in five publishing houses. This map here belongs to Jean Messager. In 1644 he sells his plates to A. of Fer and N. Berey. Tassin became famous by the edition of small atlases, as well as by the works that contain panoramic views, maps and side views of cities. Due to their tiny size and competitive price, all works reached a great diffusion and enjoyed great popularity. It includes Valencia, part of Murcia, part of Castile and part of Aragon and Catalonia. Work belongs to Cartes Générales des Provinces de France et d’Espagne Reveües corrigées & augmentées par le Sieur Tassin geographe ordinaire de sa majesté, of which it occupies page number 65 which appears on the top right, being one of the 9 maps on Spain.
Robert Didier De Vaugondy
Título: Partie Meridionale des Etats de Castille où se trouvent…et partie des Etats d’Aragon qui contient le Royaume de Valence.
Autor: Robert Didier de Vaugondy
Lugar de edición: Venecia
Editor: P. Santini
Año: 1775
Dimensiones: 476 x 549 mm.
Obra: Atlas Universel
Original: F.G.L
Robert Didier de Vaugondy (1723-1786) was appointed geographer of the king of France, replacing his father Gilles in 1760. An important part of their plates comes from the Sanson family, and others were acquired from Jaillot. His work consists mainly of bringing up to date these charts, incorporating enough place-names to them. Between his more famous works it stands this Atlas Universel (1757) where he reunites diverse maps of historical and administrative nature and with the existing postal carrier routes. It includes Andalusia, Extremadura, Castile, Leon, Murcia and Valencia.
Título: Carte des Royaumes d’Espagne et de Portugal
Autor: Robert Didier de Vaugondy
Lugar de edición: París
Año: 1757
Dimensiones: 470 x 560 mm.
Obra: Atlas Universel
Original: F.G.L
This map is dedicated to Spain. It shows “Les Routes des Postes” and is included in his main work Atlas Universel of 1757.
Charles Alexis Jaillot
Título: L’Espagne suivant l’étendue de tous ses Royaumes et Principautés… Le Royaume de Murcie, partie des Royaumes de Valence…
Autor: Charles Hubert Alexis Jaillot
Lugar de edición: París
Editor: Dezanche & Herederos de Jaillot
Grabador: Robert Cordier
Año: 1781
Dimensiones: 450 x 567 mm.
Obra: Atlas Universel
Original: F.G.L
Charles Hubert Alexis Jaillot (1632-1712), publisher and engraver, was appointed Geographer of the King of France in 1678. His Atlas Nouveau (1674) had a great reputation at the time, arriving to be considered like the best one of the world after the fire that destroyed the publishing house of the Blaeu family in Amsterdam. His publishing house was continued by his son and grandson until their plates were acquired by Philippe Buache in 1781.
Guillermo De L’Isle
Título: L’Espagne
Autor: Guillermo de L’Isle
Lugar de edición: París
Grabador: Berey
Año: 1701
Dimensiones: 490 x 670 mm.
Original: F.G.L
Pupil of the geographer J.D.Cassini , he was recognized as the most important person within the French cartography, he published his first atlas in 1700. In 1702 he was chosen member of the Real Academy of Sciences and in 1718 he was appointed First Geographer of the King. His maps of the new explored zones of the world reflect the most up-to-date and detailed information of the time. Such was his reputation that plagiarized versions appeared in many countries, especially by Chatelain and Convenís & Portier. His preoccupation about the astronomical observations and their application to the design of maps makes him to offer a very narrow image of the Peninsula, mainly, if we compare them with the ones drawn by Sanson.
Jean Beaurin
Título: Carte du Royaume de Valence
Autor: Jean Beaurin
Lugar de edición: París
Grabador: Charles Inselin
Año: 1760
Dimensiones: 332 x 238 mm.
Original: F.G.L.
Jean Beaurin (1696-1772), engineer and royal geographer, is renown mainly thanks to the edition in 1760 of a chart by Edmond Halley dedicated to the sea currents of the English Channel. About the recorder Charles Inselin, we know that he collaborated repeatedly with Nicholas de Fer and Charles Alexis Jaillot.
